The Bacchantes by Euripides

Dionysus (also known by the names Bacchus and Bromius) opens this play by describing his origin.  He is the son of Zeus and a mortal woman named Semele.  Semele was struck by lightning and gave birth prematurely.  (I am unsure from this account whether it was Zeus or his jealous wife Hera who struck Semele.)  Zeus concealed Dionysus from Hera by sewing Dionysus up in his thigh until he was full term.  Some of Semele’s family members do not believe that Dionysus was the son of Zeus.  They assume he was fathered by a mortal, and so, do not worship him.  Dionysus is angry about this.  He shows up at Thebes in mortal form to confront Pentheus, who is the son of one of Semele’s sisters. 

Dionysus is the god of wine and revelry.  He has influenced the women of Thebes to go off in the woods celebrating him with dancing and lots of wine.  They are in ecstasy and not in full control of their faculties.  Pentheus is concerned about their behavior and afraid this will lead to impropriety and lustful encounters.  Cadmus is Pentheus’ grandfather and was king of Thebes until he put Pentheus on the throne in his stead.  Cadmus and his friend Teiresias have decided to worship Dionysus and are heading off to dance and drink in spite of their age and instability.

Dionysus appears to Pentheus in human form…apparently very attractive male form, but doesn’t tell Pentheus who he is.  He encourages Pentheus to give in to worship of Dionysus, but he is unsuccessful.  So, he wants to extract a horrible revenge.  He manages to convince Pentheus to dress up like a woman to go spy on the women who are reveling off in the woods.  However, Pentheus falls into the hands of the women, who are in a drunken frenzy and don’t recognize him.   The women literally tear him to pieces with no weapons but their own hands.  His own mother Agave carries his severed head into the city of Thebes convinced they have vanquished a horrible beast, and that it is the beast’s head she is carrying.

She encounters Cadmus who helps her to understand what she has done.  She is grief stricken.  At this point there are apparently some missing lines in the manuscript from which the play was translated, but it seems that Agave is sent into exile, and Cadmus also must leave Thebes.

Interesting quotes:

Pentheus: …where the gladsome grape is found at women’s feasts, I deny that their rites have any longer good results.

Teiresias: …came this god, the son of Semele, who discovered the juice of the grape and introduced it to mankind, stilling thereby each grief that mortals suffer from, soon as e’er they are filled with the juice of the vine; and sleep also he giveth, sleep that brings forgetfulness of daily ills, the sovereign charm for all our woe.

Chorus: …Both to rich and poor alike hath he granted the delight of wine, that makes all pain to cease; hateful to him is everyone who careth not to live the life of bliss, that lasts through days and nights of joy. True wisdom is to keep the heart and soul aloof from over-subtle wits.  That which the less enlightened crowd approves and practices, will I accept.

Pentheus talking to Dionysus:  …thou art not ill-favoured from a woman’s point of view, which was thy real object in coming to Thebes…,.

Messenger speaking of Agave’s attack on her own son:   But she, the while, with foaming mouth and wildly rolling eyes, bereft of reason as she was, heeded him not; for the god possessed her.

Agave protesting to Dionysus concerning what he caused her to do to her son:  Gods should not let their passion sink to man’s level.

Ah…but that is the problem with the Greek gods.  They routinely behave no better than we humans.

And…

That is the problem with drinking to excess.  People become “bereft of reason.”

And…

That is the problem with Euripides….once again he has made women look bad.

Perversion of Divine Intent

I am horrified, as are many other people, by the news that South Sudan (see correction in comments below...this is happening in North Sudan)  has sentenced a woman to death, because she will not recant her Christian faith.  She is apparently married to a Sudanese man, who is a Christian and who has US citizenship.  Her father was Muslim, but left the family, and she was raised by a Christian mother.  She has never practiced Islam herself, but is being accused of apostasy for “leaving” Islam and adultery for being married to a Christian.  She is pregnant with their second child.

Sitting here in the United States, this news seems preposterous, barbaric and beyond comprehension.  We have come to expect certain “rights.”  As a Christian, I am also struck that Islamic law, specifically Sharia law, demonstrates a horrible perversion of God’s intent for a man and a woman.  Islam and Christianity, although calling Him by different names, share the idea that there is one God who is creator and sustainer of the universe and to whom we are responsible.   Sharia law totally ignores the notion that man and woman were created by that God to be mutually supportive, to complement one another, and to work together to raise a family and accomplish God’s purposes in the world.

I am in NO way defending Sharia and this totally repugnant ruling in South Sudan.

But

As a Christian, I am struck with the horrible perversion of God’s intent for a man and a woman that I see around me every day in our culture.  The fictional characters in the media and real-life celebrities flaunt their sexual freedom making it seem like it is “the norm.”  Women and even young girls come to believe it is acceptable to expose themselves in seductive attire.  Lyrics of songs are blatantly sexual.  The idea that one could be chaste and not engage in sex until marriage is viewed as a ridiculous impossibility.  What happened to God’ design for one man and one woman to be faithful for a lifetime?  I am horrified by the young women I see having babies with multiple partners.  They jump into bed with a man they don’t even really know.  It doesn’t seem to occur to them to develop a relationship first.

So, on the one side there is a culture in which women demand the right to express themselves and expose themselves.  On the other side is a culture of repression that looks for ways to subjugate women to punish in excess, and to make women property rather than human beings.

Both are perversions of God’s intent.  His plan is for the relationship between a man and a woman to conform to the immense love that Christ has for His bride….the collective body of those who believe in Him.  He sacrificed His life for His bride.  She is to keep herself pure.

My heart grieves over what I see and hear in this world.

What must it do to God’s heart?

Oblivious

Oblivious…

That is what we are.

Going about our mundane lives,

While the inside of the earth boils and bubbles.

Oblivious…

And feeling so secure.

As though the ground under our feet,

Was actually terra firma and not resting on liquid.

Oblivious…

So much on our minds.

While enormous tectonic forces shift and sway

Gigantic plates threatening to crash into each other.

Occasionally…

Our attention is drawn,

By a volcanic eruption that imperils human beings,

Or an earthquake that destroys the work of human hands.

Oblivious…

To the undercurrent of evil,

Permeating society and threatening our values,

Unless it erupts in violence directed at our town or family.

Oblivious…

To the possibility

That there might be a God who desires our attention.

That the forces of the physical world may not be random.

Oblivious…

As we hear the latest news,

To the notion that God Himself may be moving pieces,

As in a chess game aligning them for His ultimate win.

Occasionally…

We throw a prayer in His direction,

When great distress or grief comes to us,

And we realize with horror that our terra firma is shifting sand.

Our Time?

Last night while sitting on the couch together, Bill and I saw an ad for Our Time, a dating site for singles over 50.  This particular ad featured an attractive couple expressing their desire to pretty much do what they wanted to do during this era of their lives.  I don’t think all of the Our Time ads carry quite the same message, but as this one finished, I said, “huh….sounds pretty self-centered.”  Bill replied, “I was just thinking the same thing.”

I guess when people have raised their families; they are supposed to have some time for themselves.  We still haven’t figured out how this is supposed to happen.  The needs of an elderly ailing parent, adult children and grandchildren tug at us on a daily basis.  We manage to steal little bits of time here and there for the two of us as a couple, but the needs of others swallow up big chunks of our days.

If someone had told me 46 years ago on our wedding day, what our lives would be like now, I would have thought the prophet had me mixed up with someone else.  I could not have imagined the full picture of both joys and sorrows.  However, the fact that there would be demands on our lives was not unexpected.

In June of 1968 about 2 weeks before our wedding, Bill arrived in the Chicago area a few days before my college graduation.  I had finished classes and had scored high enough on an earlier comprehensive exam, that I was exempt from taking any finals.  We drove down to Peoria where his sister and brother-in-law were living and spent a couple of days enjoying their company.  We returned to the Chicago area, and my parents arrived for graduation.  Bill began to act strangely.  I couldn’t put my finger on what was going on.  When I finally asked him, he said, “I don’t want to share you with anyone.”

After a few seconds of silence, I replied, “You do know don’t you that we are going to spend the rest of our lives having to share each other with the rest of the world.  Lots of people are going to want a piece of us.”

“I understand that,” he responded.  “It’s just that right now, I want you all to myself.”

We have worked at making time for just “us” over the years.  But, being able to work together in meeting the needs of others is also valuable for a couple.  I think of one time when a complicated family need caused Bill to say, “If you can figure out what to do, I will help you do it.”  Neither of us makes that statement regarding every issue that confronts us, but we both know that it expresses the underlying attitude of mutual support. 

Part of my favorite passage in the Bible is Isaiah 58:6-11

Is not this the kind of fasting I have chosen:

To loose the chains of injustice and untie the cords of the yoke,

To set the oppressed free and break every yoke?

Is it not to share your food with the hungry

And to provide the poor wanderer with shelter,

When you see the naked, to clothe him,

And not to turn away from your own flesh and blood?

Then your light will break forth like the dawn,

And your healing will quickly appear;

Then your righteousness will go before you,

And the glory of the Lord will be your rear guard.

Then you will call and the Lord will answer;

You will cry for help, and he will say; Here am I.

If you do away with the yoke of oppression,

With the pointing of the finger and malicious talk,

And if you spend yourselves in behalf of the hungry

And satisfy the needs of the oppressed.

Then your light will rise in the darkness,

And your night will become like the noonday.

The Lord will guide you always;

He will satisfy your needs in a sun-scorched land

And will strengthen your frame.

You will be like a well-watered garden,

Like a spring whose waters never fail.

So... “Our Time” is not as important as “His Time.” 

What does God want of me today? 

What does God want of us today?

Snapshots of Tug Hill

Abandoned barns and houses,

Shattered timbers on crumbling walls,

Ruins of pastoral life.

Piles of dirty snow,

On sheltered north slopes,

Remnants of the winter past.

Clumps of brilliant daffodils,

In the middle of nowhere,

Random or planned once upon a time.

Unimaginable mélange,

Junk scattered about a yard,

Relics of forgotten lives.

The fragrance of wood smoke,

Wafting up from chimneys,

Relief from the morning chill.

Gentle streams through fields,

Plunging down hillsides become

Raging torrents of spring.

Horse-drawn Amish buggies,

Plodding on the shoulder

Remembrances of pastoral life.

Riding on Tug Hill.

Following the Rules

While we were visiting my daughter’s family in Florida last week, I had an interesting conversation with her 7 year old girl.  My daughter was still at work, but sweet granddaughter Maddie was home from school and still wearing her school uniform.  She went out to play with her older sister and Grandpa , but shortly came back in.

I was sitting on the sofa waiting for the timer to go off, so I could take a cake out of the oven.  She knelt at the end of the sofa with her elbows on the arms of the sofa and her cute face resting on her hands.

“Grandma, my mother’s rule is that I have to change out of my school clothes before I go outside to play.”

“Well then, Maddie, you had better run upstairs and change.”

“….Although….I do not feel that I should have to obey my mother’s rule, since my mother is not here.”

Stifling my laughter…. “Well, the thing is that if you obey your mother’s rule even when she is not here, it gives her reason to trust you.”

She pondered this for about 2 seconds, and then ran upstairs to change before returning to outdoor play.

I hope and pray that she will remember this concept and build it into her code of conduct.  Obeying even when the enforcer is not present is a wonderful principle.  It prevents all kinds of trouble and pain in life.  It causes others to view us as people of integrity.  I have many times over the years said to children and grandchildren, “If you discipline yourself, then no one else has to discipline you.”

If only they could all grasp the concept early and hang on to it for a lifetime.

Reasons to be Happy

My husband and I are currently in Florida to visit our daughter, son-in-law and 2 granddaughters.  My daughter told the girls that when she was little, I used to make homemade candy Easter eggs.  Yesterday we colored hard-boiled eggs, so the candy eggs are now on the agenda.  This morning, before the girls went off to school, I inquired about which flavors they would like to make.  A trip to the grocery store was in order to pick up the necessary ingredients.

My husband went in the store with me and pushed the cart.  When we were finished and headed toward our car in the parking lot, we were laughing and talking.  A gentleman, a bit older than we are, passed us heading into the store and said, “You two don’t have any reason to be so happy!”  We just laughed, knowing he was joking, but it did get me to thinking.

Why am I happy today?

1.        I am in Florida to visit family whom I wish I could see more often, so I delight in every day here.

2.       Bill and I have been married for almost 46 years, and we still like each other.

3.       Easter is a yearly reminder that Christ is risen.  Because He is alive, I have life in Him now and for eternity.

So…if I look happy coming out of the grocery store or anywhere else…I have good reason!