Macbeth Revisited

Fifty-one years ago, when I graduated from high school, I used a passage from Macbeth as the jumping off point for my graduation speech.

Tomorrow and tomorrow and tomorrow,

Creeps in this petty pace from day to day,

To the last syllable of recorded time,

And all our yesterdays have lighted fools

The way to dusty death.  Out, out, brief candle!

Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player

That struts and frets his hour upon the stage,

And then is heard no more.  It is a tale

Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury,

Signifying nothing.

I used this passage, because it demonstrated such a contrast to what I believed about life then, and it still does today after 50+ more years of life.  I have pondered it again recently, because two students I am tutoring are reading Macbeth.

How did Macbeth arrive at this point of bitterness and despair?  My answer is that he accepted no moral absolutes and believed that he could manipulate events to achieve his destiny.  He was unwilling to leave his future in the hands of either God or fate.  I know some people like that!  They may not be murderers, as Macbeth was, but they certainly do try to manipulate outcomes and do not concern themselves with what is “right” or “wrong” in the process. 

The solution is to:

1.        Agree with God about what constitutes right and wrong.

2.       Acknowledge that it is impossible to be “good” on one’s own.

3.       Believe in the redemption offered through the death of Christ.

4.       Put the future in God’s hands.

Trust in the Lord with all your heart

And lean not on your own understanding;

In all your ways acknowledge him,

And he will make your paths straight.  Proverbs 3: 5-6 (NIV)

This does not guarantee smooth sailing in life.  If my future had been revealed to me on that graduation day, I would have been sure there was some mistake.  “Hey, that can’t be my life….you’ve got me mixed up with someone else!” 

But, what this approach to life does is to give one a means of dealing with both the agony and the ecstasy.  It removes a great burden of anxiety over the future.  It is still OK to have long term and short term goals, and to make plans, but it is done without attempts at manipulation of people and events.  It avoids the temptation to rage when circumstances don’t fall into place in the desired fashion.

Life is not meant to be “a tale told by an idiot.”

I am come that they may have life, and have it to the full.  Jesus Christ in John 10:10

Helen by Euripides

Soooooooo…..after reading all of these plays in which the Trojan war is described, and Helen is blamed for it, we are now supposed to believe that she was actually in Egypt the whole time, and it was a phantom Helen that ran off to Troy with Paris.

Helen opens this play with a monologue about her woes.  She was a good and true wife to Menelaus, but Zeus was looking for a way to decrease the population of mankind, and Cypris was looking to make trouble, so Paris was enticed by Helen’s beauty into coming to Sparta to try and win her.  He believed he was carrying her off to Troy, but it was really only a pretend Helen… "an image out of the breath of heaven.”  The real Helen was whisked off to the home of Proteus in Egypt, because he was the most virtuous of all men and would keep and protect her until she could be reunited with Menelaus.  

Menelaus and the hosts from Sparta pursued Paris and many years of war ensued in the attempt to retrieve Helen.  Many men died on both sides, so Zeus accomplished his purpose of population control.  When the war was over, Menelaus thought he had won Helen back and set sail for home, only to wander about having trouble for many more years….and of course, he only had the phantom Helen.

Meantime, Proteus died and his son Theoclymenus, instead of protecting Helen decided that he wanted her for himself.  But, Menelaus and his men are shipwrecked on the shores of Theoclymenus’ kingdom.  Theoclymenus will kill him if he figures this out.  Helen and Menelaus meet and hatch a plan for their escape, but it requires enlisting the help of Theoclymenus’ sister Theonoe, who is a prophetess.  They convince her that helping them is in keeping with the gods’ wishes, so she agrees not to tip Theoclymenus off as to what is really happening.

Menelaus pretends that he is arriving with news of the death of Menelaus.  Helen convinces Theoclymenus that she will be a true wife to him once she has been allowed to bury her previous husband Menelaus at sea.  Theoclymenus is talked into giving her a ship and the other things she needs for the proper burial rituals.  But, Menalaus’ men, who have been hiding in a nearby cave, join him on the ship and overpower the crew.  Helen and Menelaus and the Spartans make good their escape.  Theoclymenus is talked out of pursuing them by the appearance above him of Castor and Pollux, who are brothers of Helen, and who tell him that it is the will of the gods for Helen and Menelaus to be reunited.

Interesting quotes:

*Helen bemoans her beauty as a curse.  Would God I could rub my beauty out as a picture, and assume hereafter in its stead a form less comely…”

*She ponders suicide rather than an unhappy marriage.  …when a husband she loathes is mated with a woman, even life is loathly to her.  Best for her to die; but how shall I die a noble death?

When Menelaus arrives shipwrecked and in rags…This is the crowning woe in all my misery, to beg the means of life from other princes, prince though I be myself; still needs must I.  Yea, this is no saying of mine, but a word of wisdom, “Naught in might exceedeth dread necessity.”

Helen tries to get Theoclymenus to behave as nobly as his father Proteus would have….reflect thy father’s justice; for this is the fairest ornament of children, when the child of a virtuous sire resembles its parents in character.

Conclusion of the chorus:  Many are the forms the heavenly will assumes; and many a thing God brings to pass contrary to expectation; that which was looked for is not accomplished, while Heaven finds out a way for what we never hoped; e’en such has been the issue here.

My conclusion…..All that Trojan War fuss over a phantom Helen?!?!?!?!?

Awake at Night

Running down the corridors,

Drifting ‘round the room,

Creeping o’er my coverlets,

Silent as a tomb.

Grisly, ghost-like images,

Tangled webs of thought,

Meaningless, nonsensical,

With feelings overwrought.

Why does sleep elude me,

Why visions strange appear,

Unbidden torrents sweep about

And produce unholy fear?

Where is that blissful rest?

Have I not earned the peace,

Of sweet, secure oblivion,

A respite from life’s griefs?

But fitfully I toss,

Barely submerged in gray,

And too soon dawns the clarity,

Of the sunlit, breaking day.

Narcissus

Delicate white petals

Surrounding a smile of gold,

Balanced on a stalk,

Slender and green.

Narcissus

Handsome youth

With golden smile

Balanced on the brink

Of glassy pond.

Narcissus

Self-absorbed youth,

Arrogant smile,

Teeters on the slender edge

Of inevitable disaster.

Narcissistic